- Joined
- Sep 10, 2012
- Messages
- 362
- Location
- Clear Lake, Iowa
Effective June 2013, please see the Scrapies Program. Producers are not required to test for scrapies unless they are found to have a positive. And USDA reports they expect to be Scrapies free by 2017. I wonder if our industry was no longer required to test for CWD if our industry might be found to be CWD free by 2017?
I would imagine, this is due to the fact that the USDA allocated money to research which gentotypes were resistant to scrapies, so producers can now breed with scrapies resistant animals. Tom and I requested all of our animals be genotyped and live animal tests be performed following there destruction. But as we were informed in our meetings in Des Moines, the DNR does not want or need a live animal test. The USDA cannot perform any research without approval from the departments which have jurisdiction over your animals. We missed the boat again but couldn't dodge the bullets.
Please pay close attention to the clean-up. Sheep producers are allowed to repopulate following clean-up without any time limit for quarantine. The below report shows that WTD are susceptible to scrapies.
PO-039: A comparison of scrapie and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer
Justin Greenlee, Jodi Smith, Eric Nicholson US Dept. Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center; Ames, IA USA
snip...
The results of this study suggest that there are many similarities in the manifestation of CWD and scrapie in WTD after IC inoculation including early and widespread presence of PrPSc in lymphoid tissues, clinical signs of depression and weight loss progressing to wasting, and an incubation time of 21-23 months. Moreover, western blots (WB) done on brain material from the obex region have a molecular profile similar to CWD and distinct from tissues of the cerebrum or the scrapie inoculum. However, results of microscopic and IHC examination indicate that there are differences between the lesions expected in CWD and those that occur in deer with scrapie: amyloid plaques were not noted in any sections of brain examined from these deer and the pattern of immunoreactivity by IHC was diffuse rather than plaque-like. After a natural route of exposure, 100% of WTD were susceptible to scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for PrPSc by IHC and WB. Similar to IC inoculated deer, samples from these deer exhibited two different molecular profiles: samples from obex resembled CWD whereas those from cerebrum were similar to the original scrapie inoculum. On further examination by WB using a panel of antibodies, the tissues from deer with scrapie exhibit properties differing from tissues either from sheep with scrapie or WTD with CWD. Samples from WTD with CWD or sheep with scrapie are strongly immunoreactive when probed with mAb P4, however, samples from WTD with scrapie are only weakly immunoreactive. In contrast, when probed with mAb’s 6H4 or SAF 84, samples from sheep with scrapie and WTD with CWD are weakly immunoreactive and samples from WTD with scrapie are strongly positive. This work demonstrates that WTD are highly susceptible to sheep scrapie, but on first passage, scrapie in WTD is differentiable from CWD.
http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/prion/03-Prion6-2-Transmission-and-strains.pdf
2011
*** After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to scrapie.
http://www.usaha.org/Portals/6/Reports/2011/report-cwal-2011.pdf
Appendix 2: Scrapie Disinfection Guidelines
The following suggested procedures do not guarantee total and complete disinfection and inactivation of the infectious agent. Nonetheless, current information regarding the efficiency of following these disinfection procedures under laboratory conditions suggests these procedures will reduce infectivity in the environment. Until more specific information is available, good sanitary practices are recommended following each lambing. The following methods below should be applied to lambing areas where infected or exposed animals have lambed.
Pastures
1. If practical, till soil under or do not use area to graze susceptible animals.
2. If this is impractical, do not use the pasture until the animal waste has decomposed and the weather has had an opportunity to dilute any infectivity.
(Our hunting preserve property was idle for four months with heavy amounts of rain during that time.)
Drylots
1. Remove the manure and bedding and, when practical, the top 1 to 2 inches of soil to reduce contamination.
2. Bury or till under the removed material; or, compost the removed material in areas not accessed by domestic or wild ruminants until it can be buried or tilled under.
Earth Surfaces Inside Structures or Used for Confined Lambing Pens
1. Remove the organic material and, when practical, the top 1 to 2 inches of soil to reduce contamination.
2. Bury or till under the removed material; or, compost the removed material in areas not accessed by domestic or wild ruminants until it can be buried or tilled under.
Non-earth Surfaces
(These include cement, wood, metal, tools, equipment, instruments, feed, hay, bedding, and other materials.)
1. Remove all organic material. Bury, incinerate, or compost the removed material in areas not accessed by domestic or wild ruminants and then till under, bury or incinerate.
2. When practical for other items bury or incinerate by high-temperature incineration methods.
3. Clean and wash surfaces and remaining items using hot water and detergent. Allow all surfaces, tools, and equipment to dry completely before disinfecting and sanitizing using the following suggested methods. a. Autoclave instruments, small tools, and other items at 277 °F for 1 hour. This method is more effective when preceded by the treatment described in b or c below.
For General Distribution 66
Scrapie Program Standards Volume 2 March 2013
b. To clean dry surfaces, apply a 2 percent available chlorine solution1 (equivalent to about 20,000 p/m; available chlorine: 50 ounces. [6-1/4 cups] bleach to enough water (78 ounces. or 9 . cups) to give 1 gallon of solution) at room temperature (at least 65 °F) for 1hour. Note: Bleach is caustic and can be hazardous if swallowed, gets in the eyes, is breathed in, or is left on the skin. Further, care must be taken to prevent contamination of water from run off and to comply with any environmental regulations for use of this product. Read the material safety data sheet prior to use and use appropriate personal protective equipment or hire trained personnel to do the work.
c. To clean dry surfaces, apply 1-molar solution of sodium hydroxide1 (approximately 4-percent solution [5 ounces sodium hydroxide dissolved in l gallon water]) at room temperature (at least 65 °F) for at least 1 hour. Synonyms for sodium hydroxide are caustic soda, soda lye, and sodium hydrate. Note: Sodium hydroxide is caustic and can be hazardous if swallowed, gets in the eyes, is breathed in, or is left on the skin. Further, care must be taken to prevent contamination of water from run off and to comply with any environmental regulations for use of this product. Read the material safety data sheet prior to use and use appropriate personal protective equipment or hire trained personnel to do the work.
1 40 CFR § 152 declares prions a pest under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Accordingly, only products registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) specifically for the reduction of prion infectivity can be used at these sites. Currently there are no EPA registered products available; EPA has therefore granted APHIS an exemption for the use of chlorine and sodium hydroxide for use in its prion control and eradication programs. The instructions above conform to those on the exemption labels.
For General Distribution
I would imagine, this is due to the fact that the USDA allocated money to research which gentotypes were resistant to scrapies, so producers can now breed with scrapies resistant animals. Tom and I requested all of our animals be genotyped and live animal tests be performed following there destruction. But as we were informed in our meetings in Des Moines, the DNR does not want or need a live animal test. The USDA cannot perform any research without approval from the departments which have jurisdiction over your animals. We missed the boat again but couldn't dodge the bullets.
Please pay close attention to the clean-up. Sheep producers are allowed to repopulate following clean-up without any time limit for quarantine. The below report shows that WTD are susceptible to scrapies.
PO-039: A comparison of scrapie and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer
Justin Greenlee, Jodi Smith, Eric Nicholson US Dept. Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center; Ames, IA USA
snip...
The results of this study suggest that there are many similarities in the manifestation of CWD and scrapie in WTD after IC inoculation including early and widespread presence of PrPSc in lymphoid tissues, clinical signs of depression and weight loss progressing to wasting, and an incubation time of 21-23 months. Moreover, western blots (WB) done on brain material from the obex region have a molecular profile similar to CWD and distinct from tissues of the cerebrum or the scrapie inoculum. However, results of microscopic and IHC examination indicate that there are differences between the lesions expected in CWD and those that occur in deer with scrapie: amyloid plaques were not noted in any sections of brain examined from these deer and the pattern of immunoreactivity by IHC was diffuse rather than plaque-like. After a natural route of exposure, 100% of WTD were susceptible to scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for PrPSc by IHC and WB. Similar to IC inoculated deer, samples from these deer exhibited two different molecular profiles: samples from obex resembled CWD whereas those from cerebrum were similar to the original scrapie inoculum. On further examination by WB using a panel of antibodies, the tissues from deer with scrapie exhibit properties differing from tissues either from sheep with scrapie or WTD with CWD. Samples from WTD with CWD or sheep with scrapie are strongly immunoreactive when probed with mAb P4, however, samples from WTD with scrapie are only weakly immunoreactive. In contrast, when probed with mAb’s 6H4 or SAF 84, samples from sheep with scrapie and WTD with CWD are weakly immunoreactive and samples from WTD with scrapie are strongly positive. This work demonstrates that WTD are highly susceptible to sheep scrapie, but on first passage, scrapie in WTD is differentiable from CWD.
http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/prion/03-Prion6-2-Transmission-and-strains.pdf
2011
*** After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to scrapie.
http://www.usaha.org/Portals/6/Reports/2011/report-cwal-2011.pdf
Appendix 2: Scrapie Disinfection Guidelines
The following suggested procedures do not guarantee total and complete disinfection and inactivation of the infectious agent. Nonetheless, current information regarding the efficiency of following these disinfection procedures under laboratory conditions suggests these procedures will reduce infectivity in the environment. Until more specific information is available, good sanitary practices are recommended following each lambing. The following methods below should be applied to lambing areas where infected or exposed animals have lambed.
Pastures
1. If practical, till soil under or do not use area to graze susceptible animals.
2. If this is impractical, do not use the pasture until the animal waste has decomposed and the weather has had an opportunity to dilute any infectivity.
(Our hunting preserve property was idle for four months with heavy amounts of rain during that time.)
Drylots
1. Remove the manure and bedding and, when practical, the top 1 to 2 inches of soil to reduce contamination.
2. Bury or till under the removed material; or, compost the removed material in areas not accessed by domestic or wild ruminants until it can be buried or tilled under.
Earth Surfaces Inside Structures or Used for Confined Lambing Pens
1. Remove the organic material and, when practical, the top 1 to 2 inches of soil to reduce contamination.
2. Bury or till under the removed material; or, compost the removed material in areas not accessed by domestic or wild ruminants until it can be buried or tilled under.
Non-earth Surfaces
(These include cement, wood, metal, tools, equipment, instruments, feed, hay, bedding, and other materials.)
1. Remove all organic material. Bury, incinerate, or compost the removed material in areas not accessed by domestic or wild ruminants and then till under, bury or incinerate.
2. When practical for other items bury or incinerate by high-temperature incineration methods.
3. Clean and wash surfaces and remaining items using hot water and detergent. Allow all surfaces, tools, and equipment to dry completely before disinfecting and sanitizing using the following suggested methods. a. Autoclave instruments, small tools, and other items at 277 °F for 1 hour. This method is more effective when preceded by the treatment described in b or c below.
For General Distribution 66
Scrapie Program Standards Volume 2 March 2013
b. To clean dry surfaces, apply a 2 percent available chlorine solution1 (equivalent to about 20,000 p/m; available chlorine: 50 ounces. [6-1/4 cups] bleach to enough water (78 ounces. or 9 . cups) to give 1 gallon of solution) at room temperature (at least 65 °F) for 1hour. Note: Bleach is caustic and can be hazardous if swallowed, gets in the eyes, is breathed in, or is left on the skin. Further, care must be taken to prevent contamination of water from run off and to comply with any environmental regulations for use of this product. Read the material safety data sheet prior to use and use appropriate personal protective equipment or hire trained personnel to do the work.
c. To clean dry surfaces, apply 1-molar solution of sodium hydroxide1 (approximately 4-percent solution [5 ounces sodium hydroxide dissolved in l gallon water]) at room temperature (at least 65 °F) for at least 1 hour. Synonyms for sodium hydroxide are caustic soda, soda lye, and sodium hydrate. Note: Sodium hydroxide is caustic and can be hazardous if swallowed, gets in the eyes, is breathed in, or is left on the skin. Further, care must be taken to prevent contamination of water from run off and to comply with any environmental regulations for use of this product. Read the material safety data sheet prior to use and use appropriate personal protective equipment or hire trained personnel to do the work.
1 40 CFR § 152 declares prions a pest under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Accordingly, only products registered with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) specifically for the reduction of prion infectivity can be used at these sites. Currently there are no EPA registered products available; EPA has therefore granted APHIS an exemption for the use of chlorine and sodium hydroxide for use in its prion control and eradication programs. The instructions above conform to those on the exemption labels.
For General Distribution
