A farm I managed in MN had 1 per acre...and they were all bulls. 104 bulls on 104 acres. There wasn't much grass left in the pastures as you can imagine...and we went through a lot of hay! We also had to spread out the feed stations so that all of them got a chance to eat. I'm sure you could put a couple elk cows per acre...since they are smaller and don't have antlers. I personally wouldn't do any more than 1 bull or 2 cows per acre. That was as crowded as I wanted to see it. Hope this helps!