I took this off Steve Jones web-page
Chronic Wasting Disease: Setting the Record Straight
Where has CWD been found in Missouri?
Our first cases of CWD were detected in 2010 and 2011 in captive deer at private big-game hunting preserves in Linn and Macon counties. A total of 11 cases have been confirmed in captive deer at the facilities. CWD has since been found in 10 free-ranging deer within two miles of the captive facility in Macon County. CWD in Missouri remains confined to a small area that borders northeastern Linn and northwestern Macon counties.
Has CWD always been in Missouri?
MDC has done extensive sampling since CWD began to emerge as an issue in the early 2000s. We have determined with 99 percent certainty that CWD was not within Missouri’s free-ranging population prior to the recent introduction in Macon County. In states where CWD has become established in the free-ranging population, it increases in prevalence overtime. Therefore, the low prevalence in Macon County, and failure to detect the disease in other parts of the state, increases our confidence that CWD has not always been in Missouri.
What is MDC’s CWD testing protocol?
Statewide sampling from 2002 to 2004 consisted of MDC collecting approximately 200 samples per county to ensure a very low probability that CWD was present in the free-ranging deer population. Therefore, any occurrence of CWD since then would have to be a recent introduction. Statewide sampling resumed in 2007 to the present and our focus shifted to adult males, which have been shown to exhibit much higher rates of CWD than females. Sample size goals were set at 200 per five-county regions over a three-year period. In 2010, the goal was changed to collect 200 per five-county regions over two-year periods. Since 2001, MDC also opportunistically collects samples from suspect deer exhibiting symptoms of CWD.
In addition to standard statewide sampling, MDC has concentrated sampling in the areas around the CWD- positive big-game hunting preserves in Linn and Macon counties. In 2010, sampling of the area surrounding the CWD-positive big-game hunting preserve in Linn County occurred during February and March. The sampling area was expanded during the 2010 deer season and focused on hunter-harvested deer. Sampling during the fall of 2011 was expanded due to the discovery of CWD in a big-game hunting preserve in Macon County. Sampling of the core area surrounding the CWD-positive big-game hunting preserve and CWD-positive free-ranging deer in Macon County also occurred during February and March in 2012. Sampling continued in the CWD Containment Zone (Adair, Chariton, Linn, Macon, Randolph, and Sullivan Counties) during the 2012 deer season. In 2013, sampling within the CWD Core Area (29-square-mile-area around CWD-positive free- ranging deer and CWD-positive big-game hunting preserve) occurred during February and March. Sampling

will continue in the Containment Zone during the 2013 deer season. In total, more than 38,000 samples have been collected for CWD-testing in Missouri, with 10 free-ranging positives detected.
How are deer and other cervids tested for CWD?
Lymph nodes allow for the earliest detection and are the preferred testing method in white-tailed deer. Testing can be done on the obex, but has been found to have 20 percent lower detection rates than lymph nodes.
How were the elk brought into Missouri by MDC tested for CWD?
The elk that MDC brought from Kentucky were determined to be of low risk for CWD in several ways. First, Kentucky has no known cases of CWD in either captive or free-ranging cervids. The source herd in Kentucky is currently the only free-ranging herd in the country to have achieved “low-risk status” for CWD determined by the USDA. This status is a federal requirement for interstate movement of cervids captured from the wild. We tested the elk for CWD using a live-animal “rectal mucosal biopsy.” This test is based on the fact that there are lymphoid follicles associated with the rectal mucosa and that prions accumulate in lymphoid tissues. The rectal mucosal biopsy is not approved as an official test for CWD by the USDA and was utilized in this project as part of a comprehensive disease surveillance strategy. As an additional safeguard, all elk mortalities that are recovered in Missouri are tested for CWD. To date, CWD has not been found in a Missouri elk.
What testing is required for deer breeders and big-game shooting preserves in Missouri?
Deer and other cervid breeders participating in the Missouri Department of Agriculture’s voluntary CWD Herd Certification Program are required to test all animals over 12 months of age that die within the facility to remain in compliance with the program. Big-game hunting preserves are not required to test deer for CWD.
Can CWD be traced to the sources of infection?
CWD is caused by prions, which lack genetic material, so the disease cannot be traced to a source. Therefore, MDC has not claimed that the source of the infection in north-central Missouri was from the CWD-positive big- game hunting preserve within two miles of the free-ranging CWD-positive deer. However, it is a likely source given what we know about the disease and the geographic proximity of the CWD-positive big-game hunting preserve and free-ranging deer.
Has a CWD positive animal been traced back to a herd that was monitored for more than five years?
In the last two years, CWD-monitored captive herds of white-tailed deer in Iowa and Pennsylvania, and a captive red deer herd in Minnesota, have been found to be CWD-positive.
Several states have CWD in free-ranging deer, but do not allow captive cervids, so how is CWD correlated with captive cervids?
MDC is not claiming that CWD is a product of holding deer/cervids in confinement, but movement of captive cervids is one way that CWD can be spread across the landscape, along with natural dispersal and the movement of carcasses of hunter-harvested cervids. Thus, the transportation of captive cervids presents a significant means for spreading the disease over long distances.
Could CWD have “walked” in from another state?
It is highly unlikely that the CWD-positive cervids in north-central Missouri are the result of natural movement of infected free-ranging deer from another state. Neighboring states have implemented extensive CWD- testing programs. For example, Nebraska has tested 49,000 cervids since 1997, Illinois has tested 74,000 deer since 1998, Kansas has tested 24,000 cervids since 1998, and Iowa has tested 46,000 deer since 2002. The closest known CWD-positive free-ranging cervid is more than 250 miles from the CWD core area in north central Missouri, which well exceeds the typical dispersal distance of a white-tailed deer.
Can a CWD-positive deer lack symptoms and appear healthy?
CWD is always fatal. Symptoms include excessive salivation, drooping head/ears, tremors, emaciation, and change in behavior (lack of fear of humans and coordination). It can take months or years for a deer infected with CWD to show any symptoms. However, an infected deer can spread the disease to other deer and contaminate the environment while appearing healthy.
Are some animals genetically immune to CWD?
Research has yet to detect individuals immune to CWD. There may be some animals that have delayed onset of symptoms, but these individuals are not immune to the disease and can still spread the disease and contaminate the environment. Therefore, “letting nature take its course” is a management strategy that is likely to lead to greatly reduced deer numbers over time. Research in Illinois has shown that targeted culling of deer in recently infected areas is, to date, the only management strategy that can slow the spread of CWD.
Can large population impacts be produced from a disease that only affects such a small number of deer?
CWD infection rates initially are very low and increase over time. As infection rates increase and animals die before reaching maturity, this results in a younger deer population leading to lower reproductive rates and eventually population declines. In Wyoming and Colorado, CWD prevalence rates have now exceeded 50 percent and populations have experienced declines. A recent study in Wyoming found that CWD-positive deer died at a rate 4.5 times greater than uninfected animals, leading to a 10 percent annual population decline. In Wisconsin and West Virginia, infection rates increased from 5 percent to over 20 percent in approximately 10 years.
Has CWD been shown to decrease a deer population?
In a Wyoming mule deer herd, an annual decline of 10 percent and a total population decline of more than 45 percent is correlated with increasing CWD prevalence of greater than 50 percent. Additionally, a 45 percent population decline in a Colorado mule deer herd is correlated with increasing CWD prevalence. CWD does not produce rapid population declines initially. However, changing age-structure, lower reproductive rates, and increased mortality lead to long-term population declines.
Why is MDC more concerned about CWD than hemorrhagic disease (EHD and blue tongue)?
Hemorrhagic disease (HD) can cause short-term localized declines in deer populations, but typically has minimal long-term, large-scale effects. Hemorrhagic disease outbreaks in Missouri are often sporadic (rarely occurring in consecutive years) and severe. Missouri experienced significant HD outbreaks in 1988, 1998, 2007, and 2012. Additionally, HD is not always fatal to deer. However, CWD is always fatal and increases in prevalence overtime, leading to long-term population declines.
Why is the Department resorting to targeted culling?
Research indicates the CWD shows a clumped distribution on the landscape. Therefore, removing those individuals that are most likely to be infected has been shown in Illinois to be effective in slowing the spread of CWD. Additionally, targeted removals result in removal of more CWD-positive individuals than hunter harvest alone. For example, during the 2011-2012 hunting season two CWD-positive deer were removed, while three CWD-positive deer were removed during the targeted culling effort. Additionally, during the 2012-2013 hunting season, one CWD-positive deer was removed during the hunting season and four CWD-positive deer were removed during targeted culling.
Still have questions?
Go online to mdc.mo.gov, cwd-info.org, or knowcwd.com.
Wow, this has so many holes in this, it is easy to pick apart !!!